Creating a Map of a Text

Maria Noll — Wed, 13 Aug 2025 13:41:52 +0000

Why create a map of a text?

This method is helpful when the academic language of a text is difficult to understand and its structure is hard to recognize.

Especially with such texts, many people find it challenging to take a step back and express the content in their own words – that is, to paraphrase – or to connect the insights gained with their own knowledge.

Creating a map of a text allows for in-depth engagement with the source.

How it’s done

Skim a text or a text section (5 min.).
Write down 2–3 questions and think about what you want to know from the text (5 min.).
Read the section again – this time carefully – and take notes or highlight keywords (10 min.).
Write down all words and terms you don’t know, but which are important to understand the text. Look up unfamiliar terms.
In the map, relate individual terms, theses, arguments, or points of criticism to each other. This representation can be expanded with your own positions as well as with the terms and arguments of other researchers (10 min.).

You can reconstruct the text as a kind of mind map, but also as a map or a building.

Working with the map

Answer the following questions – preferably in writing:

Does one aspect seem particularly central?
What is connected to what? And why?
Are there links to other texts, researchers, or theses?
What do you still not understand?
What do certain notes, paths, or boundaries mean?

This is how you can continue working with the created map:

Write a comment on the text using the map.
Write a draft of the section for which you read the text.
Clarify all terms that are still unknown.
Add page numbers and, if applicable, direct quotes.
Note down questions and ideas for further work.

You can also use a shortened version of this method: Maybe the argumentation is logically understandable, but you find it difficult to integrate it into your text without staying too close to the original.

In that case, it makes sense to use only a few elements from the “map” method. For example, you can note down keywords during the first reading, then close the book and write your own text based on your notes.

Literature: Grieshammer, Ella; Liebetanz, Franziska (2013): Zukunftsmodell Schreibberatung: Eine Anleitung zur Begleitung von Schreibenden im Studium. Hohengehren: Schneider.

Frequently asked questions

When should I create a map of a text?

Especially when you don’t understand a text but you know you need it for your work. With this reading method, you can analyze, structure, and visualize the text to ultimately understand it better and work with it further.

Does it have to be a map?

The image of a map is only meant to illustrate how you can navigate a text. You can also turn it into a building or create a simple mind map.

Der Beitrag Creating a Map of a Text erschien zuerst auf Online Writing Lab.

Summarizing Texts in Your Own Words

Maria Noll — Wed, 13 Aug 2025 13:19:33 +0000

What can I use this exercise for?

Two essential steps in academic work are reading academic literature and extracting the main ideas. This method makes it easier for you to grasp the key points of a text, approach a text that is difficult to understand, or move away from the exact wording of the original text when paraphrasing.

In addition, this technique encourages you to take a critical and questioning approach to your reading.

How it’s done

For this reading and writing technique you will need:

The text to be read
Reference books, dictionaries, a computer with internet access
Several sheets of paper,
Pens
Approx. 45 minutes time.

Here’s how to proceed:

First, read the whole text passage (5 min.).
Write a freewriting piece – an unedited flow of writing – about what you liked in the text, which aspects you found critical, and what questions you have about it (5 min.).
Read the text again and highlight any words you don’t understand. Look them up (10 min.).
Next, number the paragraphs of the text and write the numbers vertically on a blank sheet of paper, leaving enough space between them (2 min.).
For each paragraph, write a heading, a main statement, or a question and note it next to the respective number on the sheet.
Put the original text aside and write your own text or an indirect quotation using your headings, main statements, and questions (10 min.).

Literature (in German): Grieshammer, Ella; Liebetanz, Franziska (2013): Zukunftsmodell Schreibberatung: Eine Anleitung zur Begleitung von Schreibenden im Studium. Hohengehren: Schneider.

Frequently asked questions

When should I use this reading and writing technique for my texts?

Especially if you find it difficult to paraphrase, this reading method can help you learn to identify the key ideas of another text and express them in your own words. It also helps you develop a critical and questioning attitude toward your reading.

What do I do with what I’ve written?

For example, use what you’ve written to create a commentary on your reading that you can refer back to later. Or write the draft of the section for which you read the text.

Der Beitrag Summarizing Texts in Your Own Words erschien zuerst auf Online Writing Lab.

Reading Technique Archive - Online Writing Lab

Creating a Map of a Text

Why create a map of a text?

How it’s done

Working with the map

This is how you can continue working with the created map:

Frequently asked questions

When should I create a map of a text?

Does it have to be a map?

Summarizing Texts in Your Own Words

What can I use this exercise for?

How it’s done

Here’s how to proceed:

Frequently asked questions

When should I use this reading and writing technique for my texts?

What do I do with what I’ve written?