{"id":7186,"date":"2025-08-08T13:07:45","date_gmt":"2025-08-08T11:07:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/?post_type=artikel&#038;p=7186"},"modified":"2025-09-15T15:02:58","modified_gmt":"2025-09-15T13:02:58","slug":"writing-an-introduction-in-social-science","status":"publish","type":"artikel","link":"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/en\/artikel\/writing-an-introduction-in-social-science\/","title":{"rendered":"Writing an Introduction in the Social Sciences"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"zitat merksatz\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/bildschirmmitmausgruen-1456x1280.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1456px) 100vw, 1456px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/bildschirmmitmausgruen-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/bildschirmmitmausgruen-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/bildschirmmitmausgruen-768x675.png 768w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/bildschirmmitmausgruen.png 1500w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1456\" height=\"1280\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"zitat_inner\"><cite class=\"text\"><b>Info:<\/b> Here you can find an overview of the <a href=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/artikel\/die-struktur-einer-arbeit-in-den-sozialwissenschaften-sw\/\">overall structure of a paper in the social sciences<\/a>.<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"was-gehrt-in-die-einleitung\" class=\"headline has-icon\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-small size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/bildschirmmitstiftgelb.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/bildschirmmitstiftgelb.png 1500w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/bildschirmmitstiftgelb-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/bildschirmmitstiftgelb-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/bildschirmmitstiftgelb-768x675.png 768w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1319\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>What belongs in the introduction?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>An introduction should <b>answer three main questions<\/b>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What topic does the paper address?<\/li>\n<li>Which questions will be answered regarding this topic?<\/li>\n<li>For empirical work: Which method is used to answer these questions?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"beispiel\">\n<div class=\"headline\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><\/div>\n<h3>First:<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p>Outline the <b>context<\/b> of the topic. Referring to the <b>literature<\/b>, show the <b>relevance<\/b> of the topic:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>You can also refer to practical experience, current politics, or recent events.<\/li>\n<li>This is less about your personal reasons for choosing the topic and more about the extent to which it is related to a particular area of expertise \u2013 whether it pertains to practice, the profession, or the field of study.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Some papers, <abbr title=\"for example\">e.g.<\/abbr> in reconstructive social research, also mention a personal connection to the topic \u2013 discuss with your supervisors whether this is appropriate for your work.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"beispiel\">\n<div class=\"headline\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><\/div>\n<h3>Then:<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p>Present your <b>own approach<\/b>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>State your specific research question(s) here.<\/li>\n<li>Explain how this paper answers the question(s).<\/li>\n<li>Present the aim of the paper.<\/li>\n<li>Mention the methodological approach, <abbr title=\"for example\">e.g.<\/abbr> whether you conducted interviews or participant observations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>It is often <b>helpful<\/b> for readers if you then present the structure of the paper, stating the focus of each chapter.<\/p>\n<div class=\"zitat merksatz\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenrot-1456x1280.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1456px) 100vw, 1456px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenrot-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenrot-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenrot-768x675.png 768w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenrot.png 1500w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1456\" height=\"1280\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"zitat_inner\"><cite class=\"text\">At this point, offer initial insights into your results instead of merely repeating the table of contents (see example below).<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The following <b>questions<\/b> should be answered in the introduction:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In which scientific, professional, or societal context does the topic belong?<\/li>\n<li>Which aspects of the topic are you addressing, and why?<\/li>\n<li>What significance does working on this topic have for science or practice?<\/li>\n<li>If relevant for your work: What current event prompted the choice of this topic?<\/li>\n<li>Which method was chosen to answer the question?<\/li>\n<li>How is the paper structured? How and according to which criteria are the chapters organized?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"zitat merksatz\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenlila-1456x1280.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1456px) 100vw, 1456px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenlila-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenlila-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenlila-768x675.png 768w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenlila.png 1500w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1456\" height=\"1280\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"zitat_inner\"><cite class=\"text\">The introduction can have a thematic title (see example below) and should not exceed 10\u201315 percent of the total text.<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"typische-fehler-in-der-einleitung\" class=\"headline has-icon\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-small size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blattmitlupebeige.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blattmitlupebeige.png 1500w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blattmitlupebeige-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blattmitlupebeige-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blattmitlupebeige-768x675.png 768w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1319\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>Common mistakes in the introduction<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p><b>Avoid<\/b> these common mistakes in your introduction:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The aim is not stated in the introduction.<\/li>\n<li>The introduction gives the impression that the topic is too broad because it is not made clear that only a specific aspect is addressed.<\/li>\n<li>The introduction consists of too many elements that do not fit together.<\/li>\n<li>The introduction contains elements that belong in the main body of the paper. The introduction should only present the content that will be developed in the main section.<\/li>\n<li>The professional context and the relevance of the research question are not evident.<\/li>\n<li>The introduction only explains the structure of the paper \u2013 but readers have already seen this in the table of contents.<\/li>\n<li>The introduction lacks motivation: Why was this work carried out with this specific aim?<\/li>\n<li>If you wrote your paper in cooperation with an organization: The organization is described in too much detail, and the description reads like an advertisement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"beispiel-fr-eine-einleitung\" class=\"headline has-icon\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-small size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blattmitkreuzundhakengruen.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blattmitkreuzundhakengruen.png 1500w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blattmitkreuzundhakengruen-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blattmitkreuzundhakengruen-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blattmitkreuzundhakengruen-768x675.png 768w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1319\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>Example of an introduction<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"beispiel\">\n<div class=\"headline\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><\/div>\n<h3>Full-time schools as an \u201call-inclusive package\u201d?<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p>Education holds a high value in today\u2019s society. The results of the 2001 PISA study were therefore all the more shocking: The performance of German students in reading, mathematics, and science was rated as below average in an international comparison (Baumert <abbr title=\"and others\">et al.<\/abbr>, 2001). Moreover, it became evident that in none of the other 43 participating countries were school performance and the socio-economic status of the family of origin as closely linked as in Germany (<abbr title=\"ibid.\">ibid.<\/abbr>). Calls for a more efficient school system and educational reforms were raised not only on the political level.<\/p>\n<p>The expansion of full-time schools in Germany can be seen as a result of this debate. In 2003, the federal government decided on the \u201cFuture Education and Care\u201d investment programme (<abbr title=\"Investment Programme Future Education and Care\">IZBB<\/abbr>), allocating four billion euros for the demand-oriented development and expansion of full-time schools in Germany (Federal Ministry of Education and Research [<abbr title=\"Federal Ministry of Education and Research\">BMBF<\/abbr>], 2013). A look at the goals pursued by the federal government and experts gives the impression that the concept of full-time schooling represents a kind of \u201call-inclusive package\u201d intended to solve all problems at once. However, given the difficult financial situations of municipalities, the shortage of teachers, the lack of space, and the shortage of educational staff in many German schools, the question arises whether full-time schools can truly deliver what they promise. This paper critically examines this question. It becomes clear that despite the sometimes considerable efforts of those involved, the expectations placed on full-time schools cannot always be met in educational practice. This is due in particular to the varying political \u2013 and thus financial \u2013 conditions in the federal states.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"zitat merksatz\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenlila-1456x1280.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1456px) 100vw, 1456px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenlila-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenlila-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenlila-768x675.png 768w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenlila.png 1500w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1456\" height=\"1280\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"zitat_inner\"><cite class=\"text\">The introduction is a mandatory part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/artikel\/die-struktur-einer-arbeit-in-den-sozialwissenschaften-sw\/\">structure of an academic paper<\/a>.<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"hufig-gestellte-fragen\" class=\"headline has-icon\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-small size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweifragezeichenrot.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweifragezeichenrot.png 1500w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweifragezeichenrot-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweifragezeichenrot-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweifragezeichenrot-768x675.png 768w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1319\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq_wrapper\">\n<h3 class=\"faq question\">What should I write in an introduction?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"faq answer\">An introduction typically contains: a lead-in to the topic, a statement of the research question and aim, a description of the approach (method), and an overview of the structure of the paper.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"faq question\">What comes before the introduction?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"faq answer\">The structure of an academic paper usually consists of: cover page, table of contents, introduction, main body, conclusion, and reference list. The table of contents therefore usually comes before the introduction.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"faq question\">How long should an introduction be?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"faq answer\">The introduction should not exceed 10\u201315 percent of the total text.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hidden\">Introduction example research question chapters structure mistakes<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Info: Here you can find an overview of the overall structure of a paper in the social sciences. What belongs in the introduction? An introduction should answer three main questions: What topic does the paper address? Which questions will be answered regarding this topic? For empirical work: Which method is used to answer these questions? \u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":5279,"menu_order":118,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"artikel_category":[1415],"artikel_post_tag":[1435,1431,1437,1433,1439,1417],"fakultaet":[1275],"arbeitsart":[1310,1251],"class_list":["post-7186","artikel","type-artikel","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","artikel_category-genres-structures","artikel_post_tag-chapter","artikel_post_tag-content","artikel_post_tag-example","artikel_post_tag-outline","artikel_post_tag-question","artikel_post_tag-summary","fakultaet-sw","arbeitsart-hausarbeit-en","arbeitsart-masterarbeit-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Writing an Introduction in the Social Sciences - Online Writing Lab<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/en\/artikel\/writing-an-introduction-in-social-science\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Writing an Introduction in the Social Sciences - Online Writing Lab\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Info: Here you can find an overview of the overall structure of a paper in the social sciences. 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