{"id":7437,"date":"2025-08-12T18:34:20","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T16:34:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/?post_type=artikel&#038;p=7437"},"modified":"2025-08-12T18:57:41","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T16:57:41","slug":"citing-laws","status":"publish","type":"artikel","link":"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/en\/artikel\/citing-laws\/","title":{"rendered":"Citing Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"richtig-zitieren\" class=\"headline has-icon\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-small size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/buchgeschlossenblau.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/buchgeschlossenblau.png 1500w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/buchgeschlossenblau-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/buchgeschlossenblau-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/buchgeschlossenblau-768x675.png 768w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1319\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>Correct citation<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>Laws and other legal norms are cited with their official title upon first mention in the text, <abbr title=\"for example\">e.g.<\/abbr>, \u201cB\u00fcrgerliches Gesetzbuch (<abbr title=\"Civil Code\">BGB<\/abbr>)\u201d. If the same law is mentioned again later in the text, a distinction is made:<\/p>\n<p><b>If it stands alone<\/b>, without a paragraph or article, the name continues to be written out in full, <abbr title=\"for example\">e.g.<\/abbr>: \u201cB\u00fcrgerliches Gesetzbuch\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>If, on the other hand, a <b>paragraph or article<\/b> of this law is cited, the law is referred to only in its short form after the first full mention, <abbr title=\"for example\">e.g.<\/abbr>: \u201c\u00a7 1626 <abbr title=\"Civil Code\">BGB<\/abbr>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p class=\"beispiel border\"><b>Example:<\/b> The definition of a \u201cyouth\u201d according to the Sozialgesetzbuch (<abbr title=\"Sozialgesetzbuch\">SGB<\/abbr>) is very narrow, set between 14 and 18 years of age (\u00a77 <abbr title=\"Sozialgesetzbuch\">SGB<\/abbr> VIII <abbr title=\"paragraph\">para.<\/abbr> 1 <abbr title=\"number\">no.<\/abbr> 2). After that, until the age of 27, the term \u201cyoung adult\u201d applies (\u00a77 <abbr title=\"Sozialgesetzbuch\">SGB<\/abbr> VIII <abbr title=\"paragraph\">para.<\/abbr> 1 <abbr title=\"number\">no.<\/abbr> 3).<\/p>\n<p>If a different version is cited, the official date of publication must be given (\u201cdated\u201d = \u201c<abbr title=\"dated\">d.d.<\/abbr>\u201d or \u201cin the version dated\u201d = \u201c<abbr title=\"in the version dated\">in the ver. d.d.<\/abbr>\u201d), or the date of entry into force (\u201centered into force on\u201d).<\/p>\n<p class=\"beispiel border\"><b>Example 1:<\/b> <abbr title=\"Article\">Art.<\/abbr> 10 &#8222;Grundgesetz&#8220; for the Federal Republic of Germany (<abbr title=\"Grundgesetz\">GG<\/abbr>) in the revised version published in the Federal Law Gazette Part III, structure number 100-1, last amended by the law <abbr title=\"dated\">d.d.<\/abbr> 29 July 2009 (<abbr title=\"Federal Law Gazette Part I\">BGBl. I<\/abbr> <abbr title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr> 2248).<\/p>\n<p class=\"beispiel border\"><b>Example 2:<\/b> \u00a7\u00a7 27\u201335 Eighth Book of the &#8222;Sozialgesetzbuch&#8220; \u2013 Child and Youth Services \u2013 (Article 1 of the Law <abbr title=\"dated\">d.d.<\/abbr> 26 June 1990, <abbr title=\"Federal Law Gazette Part I\">BGBl. I<\/abbr> <abbr title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr> 1163) <abbr title=\"in the version\">in the ver.<\/abbr> of the promulgation of 14 December 2006 (<abbr title=\"Federal Law Gazette Part I\">BGBl. I<\/abbr> <abbr title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr> 3134), last amended by Article 12 of the Law <abbr title=\"dated\">d.d.<\/abbr> 6 July 2009 (<abbr title=\"Federal Law Gazette Part I\">BGBl. I<\/abbr> <abbr title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr> 1696).<\/p>\n<div id=\"juristische-kommentare\" class=\"headline has-icon\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-small size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweipersonenmitsprechblaselila.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweipersonenmitsprechblaselila.png 1500w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweipersonenmitsprechblaselila-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweipersonenmitsprechblaselila-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweipersonenmitsprechblaselila-768x675.png 768w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1319\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>Legal commentaries<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>Legal commentaries are explanations of legal norms such as laws and regulations, usually written by people working in the field (<abbr title=\"for example\">e.g.<\/abbr>, judges) or by academics (<abbr title=\"for example\">e.g.<\/abbr>, professors). Depending on the case, they reflect the state of legal development as well as the perspective of the authors.<\/p>\n<p>They are cited as follows:<\/p>\n<p class=\"beispiel border\"><b>Example:<\/b> DI FABIO, Udo: Commentary on <abbr title=\"article\">art.<\/abbr> 2 <abbr title=\"paragraph\">para.<\/abbr> 1 <abbr title=\"Grundgesetz\">GG<\/abbr>, in: Maunz, Theodor \/ D\u00fcrig, G\u00fcnter (<abbr title=\"founder\">found.<\/abbr> [footnote 1]): Grundgesetz, 55th <abbr title=\"edition\">ed.<\/abbr>, Munich 2009.<\/p>\n<div id=\"quellen-von-gesetzestexten\" class=\"headline has-icon\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-small size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/dreibuecherliegendhellgruen.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/dreibuecherliegendhellgruen.png 1500w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/dreibuecherliegendhellgruen-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/dreibuecherliegendhellgruen-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/dreibuecherliegendhellgruen-768x675.png 768w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1319\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>Sources of legal texts<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"zitat merksatz\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenblau-1456x1280.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1456px) 100vw, 1456px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenblau-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenblau-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenblau-768x675.png 768w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenblau.png 1500w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1456\" height=\"1280\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"zitat_inner\"><cite class=\"text\">You can find <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgbl.de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Federal Law Gazette<\/a> online.<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>This is a free reading version, <abbr title=\"that is\">i.e.<\/abbr>, you cannot print or otherwise edit this version. There is also a website where you can more easily find <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">all federal laws<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Although this is not an official version, the website is run by the Federal Ministry of Justice, so you can assume the information provided is accurate.<\/p>\n<div class=\"zitat merksatz\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichengelb-1456x1280.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1456px) 100vw, 1456px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichengelb-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichengelb-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichengelb-768x675.png 768w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichengelb.png 1500w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1456\" height=\"1280\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"zitat_inner\"><cite class=\"text\">On this site, you can access each paragraph individually, both in HTML format and as a PDF version.<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The publication details which are important to you in the <abbr title=\"Federal Law Gazette\">BGBl.<\/abbr>, amendments, supplements <abbr title=\"and the like\">etc.<\/abbr> are found at the beginning of each law. For this, visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-bayern.de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bavarian State Law website<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"hufig-gestellte-fragen\" class=\"headline has-icon\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-small size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweifragezeichenrot.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweifragezeichenrot.png 1500w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweifragezeichenrot-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweifragezeichenrot-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweifragezeichenrot-768x675.png 768w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1319\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq_wrapper\">\n<h3 class=\"faq question\">How do I correctly cite a law?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"faq answer\">All laws and regulations have an official publication that must be cited.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"faq question\">Does a mentioned law go into the bibliography?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"faq answer\">In most citation styles, laws are not included in the bibliography. You cite the law either as an in-text reference or in a footnote, depending on the citation style.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Correct citation Laws and other legal norms are cited with their official title upon first mention in the text, e.g., \u201cB\u00fcrgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB)\u201d. If the same law is mentioned again later in the text, a distinction is made: If it stands alone, without a paragraph or article, the name continues to be written out in \u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":5279,"menu_order":96,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"artikel_category":[1351],"artikel_post_tag":[1222,1585,1583,1587],"fakultaet":[1232,1332,1236,1240,1269,1272,1340,1242,1336,1231,1275,1234,1246],"arbeitsart":[1310,1251],"class_list":["post-7437","artikel","type-artikel","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","artikel_category-citing-layout","artikel_post_tag-citation","artikel_post_tag-law","artikel_post_tag-legals","artikel_post_tag-right","fakultaet-ac-en","fakultaet-amp-en","fakultaet-ar-en","fakultaet-bi-en","fakultaet-bw-en","fakultaet-d-en","fakultaet-efi-en","fakultaet-in-en","fakultaet-mb-vs-en","fakultaet-soh","fakultaet-sw","fakultaet-vt","fakultaet-wt","arbeitsart-hausarbeit-en","arbeitsart-masterarbeit-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Citing Laws - Online Writing Lab<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/en\/artikel\/citing-laws\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Citing Laws - Online Writing Lab\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Correct citation Laws and other legal norms are cited with their official title upon first mention in the text, e.g., \u201cB\u00fcrgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB)\u201d. 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