{"id":8042,"date":"2025-08-22T15:41:41","date_gmt":"2025-08-22T13:41:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/?post_type=artikel&#038;p=8042"},"modified":"2025-08-22T15:50:26","modified_gmt":"2025-08-22T13:50:26","slug":"longer-indirect-quotations","status":"publish","type":"artikel","link":"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/en\/artikel\/longer-indirect-quotations\/","title":{"rendered":"Long Indirect Quotations"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"allgemeine-regelungen\" class=\"headline has-icon\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-small size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blaettermitzeilengelb.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blaettermitzeilengelb.png 1500w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blaettermitzeilengelb-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blaettermitzeilengelb-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blaettermitzeilengelb-768x675.png 768w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1319\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>General guidelines<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>Basically, when you paraphrase, the extent of the citation must be clear, meaning it must be obvious where the quotation begins and ends. It is usually not enough to just mention the source at the end of a paragraph or chapter.<\/p>\n<div class=\"zitat merksatz\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenrot-1456x1280.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1456px) 100vw, 1456px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenrot-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenrot-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenrot-768x675.png 768w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenrot.png 1500w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1456\" height=\"1280\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"zitat_inner\"><cite class=\"text\">If you do not mention a source, it is assumed that it either represents undisputed basic knowledge in this field or your own thoughts.<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>When citing longer passages from a source, it would be correct, but not necessarily elegant, to repeat the source after every sentence. Below we show some alternative ways.<\/p>\n<div id=\"mit-explizitem-hinweis\" class=\"headline has-icon\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-small size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blattmitlupegruen.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blattmitlupegruen.png 1500w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blattmitlupegruen-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blattmitlupegruen-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/blattmitlupegruen-768x675.png 768w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1319\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>With explicit indication<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>You make it clear in the text, in the short reference, or in a footnote that your citation refers to a longer passage:<\/p>\n<div class=\"beispiel\">\n<div class=\"headline\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><\/div>\n<h3>Examples:<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>The following discussion is based on the considerations of M\u00fcller <abbr title=\"et al.\">et al.<\/abbr> (2012, <abbr title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr> 11<abbr title=\"following\">ff<\/abbr>.), who assume that &#8230;<\/li>\n<li>The content of the following section is mainly based on Maier (1989, <abbr title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr> 50), who &#8230;<\/li>\n<li>The following presentation is based on Maier (1989, <abbr title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr> 50).<\/li>\n<li>&#8230; (<abbr title=\"compare\">cf.<\/abbr> to this section M\u00fcller 2012, <abbr title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr> 11<abbr title=\"following\">ff<\/abbr>.).<\/li>\n<li>&#8230; (<abbr title=\"compare\">cf.<\/abbr> to the following section M\u00fcller 2012, <abbr title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr> 11<abbr title=\"following\">ff<\/abbr>.).<\/li>\n<li>What follows is a summary of Becker&#8217;s model [87], which served as the basis for Experiment A.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>At the end of the passage, you then include the short reference again, e.g., (M\u00fcller <abbr title=\"et al.\">et al.<\/abbr> 2012, <abbr title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr> 11<abbr title=\"following\">ff<\/abbr>.). This clearly marks the extent of the citation.<\/p>\n<div id=\"durch-die-positionierung-der-quellenangabe\" class=\"headline has-icon\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-small size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/bildschirmmitzweitabsblau.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/bildschirmmitzweitabsblau.png 1500w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/bildschirmmitzweitabsblau-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/bildschirmmitzweitabsblau-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/bildschirmmitzweitabsblau-768x675.png 768w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1319\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>By positioning the source reference<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>You can indicate that the short reference refers to a longer passage by placing it at the end of the paragraph after the final punctuation mark.<\/p>\n<p>Contrary to the initial explanation, some lecturers are fine with adding a source only at the end of a paragraph after the final punctuation, which then applies to the whole paragraph.<\/p>\n<div class=\"beispiel\">\n<div class=\"headline\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><\/div>\n<h3>Examples:<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p><b>Assigning the entire paragraph:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>An electric motor (<abbr title=\"electric motor\">EM<\/abbr>) of an electrically powered vehicle generates the required torque through the force of a magnetic field on a current-carrying conductor loop. The generated torque is proportional to the current and magnetic field, where the magnetic field can be produced by an electromagnet or a permanent magnet. In general, electric drives are classified according to the type of current supplied into direct current motors and three-phase motors. [1]\n<p><b>Assigning a single sentence:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>The <abbr title=\"German Research Foundation\">DFG<\/abbr> recommends keeping primary data that served as the basis for publications for ten years [10, <abbr title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr> 21].<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"zitat merksatz\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenlila-1456x1280.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1456px) 100vw, 1456px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenlila-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenlila-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenlila-768x675.png 768w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenlila.png 1500w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1456\" height=\"1280\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"zitat_inner\"><cite class=\"text\">If the source refers only to one sentence, it should be placed before the period. If it refers to an entire paragraph, the footnote comes after the period. To mark the beginning of a paraphrase, explicit indications and formulations in the text are useful (see above).<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"hufig-gestellte-fragen\" class=\"headline has-icon\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-small size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweifragezeichenrot.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweifragezeichenrot.png 1500w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweifragezeichenrot-1024x900.png 1024w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweifragezeichenrot-1456x1280.png 1456w, https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweifragezeichenrot-768x675.png 768w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1319\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq_wrapper\">\n<h3 class=\"faq question\">What should I pay attention to when paraphrasing longer passages in my academic paper?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"faq answer\">Make sure readers can always tell which statements come from the literature and which are your own. And don\u2019t forget to cite the borrowed ideas according to your chosen citation style.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"faq question\">How do I formulate paraphrases?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"faq answer\">When paraphrasing, try to express the idea from the literature in your own words without changing the meaning. This process is also called paraphrasing. You should retain technical terms.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hidden\">Citation Citing paraphrases Sources Paraphrasing<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>General guidelines Basically, when you paraphrase, the extent of the citation must be clear, meaning it must be obvious where the quotation begins and ends. It is usually not enough to just mention the source at the end of a paragraph or chapter. If you do not mention a source, it is assumed that it \u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":5298,"menu_order":40,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"artikel_category":[1351],"artikel_post_tag":[1222,1879,1959,1344,1266,1912,1578],"fakultaet":[1232,1332,1236,1240,1272,1340,1242,1336,1231,1234,1246],"arbeitsart":[1310,1251],"class_list":["post-8042","artikel","type-artikel","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","artikel_category-citing-layout","artikel_post_tag-citation","artikel_post_tag-citing","artikel_post_tag-indirect","artikel_post_tag-paraphrasing-en","artikel_post_tag-quotation","artikel_post_tag-quotes","artikel_post_tag-sources","fakultaet-ac-en","fakultaet-amp-en","fakultaet-ar-en","fakultaet-bi-en","fakultaet-d-en","fakultaet-efi-en","fakultaet-in-en","fakultaet-mb-vs-en","fakultaet-soh","fakultaet-vt","fakultaet-wt","arbeitsart-hausarbeit-en","arbeitsart-masterarbeit-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Long Indirect Quotations - Online Writing Lab<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/en\/artikel\/longer-indirect-quotations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Long Indirect Quotations - Online Writing Lab\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"General guidelines Basically, when you paraphrase, the extent of the citation must be clear, meaning it must be obvious where the quotation begins and ends. 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