{"id":8991,"date":"2025-10-24T18:44:50","date_gmt":"2025-10-24T16:44:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/?post_type=artikel&#038;p=8991"},"modified":"2025-10-24T18:46:56","modified_gmt":"2025-10-24T16:46:56","slug":"why-do-i-have-to-cite","status":"publish","type":"artikel","link":"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/en\/artikel\/why-do-i-have-to-cite\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Do I Have to Cite?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"warum-berhaupt-zitieren\" class=\"headline has-icon\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-small size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweibuecheraufgeschlagenrot.png\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>Why cite at all?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><b>To prove facts:<\/b> You state where your information comes from, ideally tracing it back to the original source. This not only respects copyright but also gives your readers the opportunity to examine methods and details for themselves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"beispiel border\"><b>Example<\/b>: 90 percent of Wikipedia authors are male (Bayer 2013).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>To build on existing knowledge:<\/b> In academia, you don&#8217;t have to reinvent the wheel. You cite to refer to the ideas, theories, and findings of others \u2013 allowing you to continue the discourse rather than starting from scratch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"beispiel border\"><b>Example<\/b>: The term \u201cinvention\u201d is often equated with the concepts of \u201cdiscovery\u201d or \u201ccreation\u201d (<abbr title=\"compare\">cf.<\/abbr> M\u00fcller, 1998, <abbr title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr> 13).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>To keep it concise:<\/b> If something is already written elsewhere, a reference is usually sufficient. In academic writing, it&#8217;s common to trust the audience to either accept the claim or check the source themselves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"beispiel border\"><b>Example<\/b>: Outreach services are a traditional methodological approach in social work. For centuries, almoners would visit people experiencing hardship to assess their needs and provide aid. At the same time, they were tasked with monitoring how the poor lived and preventing abuse of the support system (<abbr title=\"compare\">cf.<\/abbr> detailed discussion in Sach\u00dfe\/Tennstedt 1980).<\/p>\n<p>Quotes often serve several purposes at once:<\/p>\n<p class=\"beispiel border\"><b>Example<\/b>: With regard to the use of ocean thermal energy for power generation, research on structural pipes between 1970 and 2000 focused on using water as a heat carrier. Heat transfer and resistance coefficients were measured [6\u201317]. Companies provided additional measurements using water [18, 19]. A few studies also examined gases as heat carriers [11, 20].<\/p>\n<div id=\"welche-formen-von-zitaten-gibt-es\" class=\"headline has-icon\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-small size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweisprechblasengruen.png\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>What types of quotations are there?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>There are two types of quotations: direct and indirect. In both cases, you must always add a reference to show where the quotation comes from.<\/p>\n<p>With direct quotations, you reproduce the original wording exactly. This is marked with quotation marks and a reference.<\/p>\n<p class=\"beispiel border\"><b>Example<\/b>: \u201cOne of the main pioneers of this model is Goffman with his concept of stigma <abbr title=\"or rather\">or<\/abbr> stigmatization\u201d (Metzler, 2011, <abbr title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr> 101).<\/p>\n<div class=\"zitat merksatz\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenrot-1456x1280.png\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"zitat_inner\"><cite class=\"text\">Use direct quotations sparingly. In the humanities and social sciences, you should cite directly when the wording is particularly striking or original. In the natural and engineering sciences, direct quotations are rarely used.<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>With indirect quotes, you take ideas, results, etc. from another text but rephrase them in your own words. These also need a reference.<\/p>\n<p class=\"beispiel border\"><b>Example<\/b>: According to Metzler, Goffman \u2013 who developed the concept of stigma or stigmatization \u2013 is one of the key early figures of symbolic interactionism (2011, <abbr title=\"page\">p.<\/abbr> 101).<\/p>\n<div id=\"wie-zitiere-ich\" class=\"headline has-icon\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-small size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/kompasshelllila.png\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>How do I cite?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>There are many ways to cite in academic writing: footnotes, in-text references with author names and year of publication, numbers, or combinations of numbers and letters in square brackets.<\/p>\n<div class=\"zitat merksatz\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichengruen-1456x1280.png\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"zitat_inner\"><cite class=\"text\">There\u2019s no single \u201ccorrect\u201d citation style. What matters is that you stay consistent throughout your entire text and don\u2019t mix styles!<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><b>How do I know which citation style to use?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ask your lecturers \u2013 they often have a preferred style you should follow.<\/li>\n<li>Learn about the conventions in your discipline. See our articles: <a href=\"\/owl\/artikel\/zitieren-in-den-sozialwissenschaften-sw\">Citing in the Social Sciences<\/a>, <a href=\"\/owl\/artikel\/zitieren-in-der-betriebswirtschaft-bw\">Citing in Business Studies<\/a>, <a href=\"\/owl\/artikel\/zitieren-in-den-ingenieur-und-naturwissenschaften-ing\">Citing in Engineering and Natural Sciences<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>If your lecturers don\u2019t specify a style, you can choose one yourself. It\u2019s best to go with a well-documented style (DIN, Harvard, APA, IEEE <abbr title=\"etcetera\">etc.<\/abbr>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"was-ist-ein-literaturverzeichnis\" class=\"headline has-icon\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-small size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/dreibuecheraufrechtgelb.png\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>What is a bibliography?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>The bibliography includes all the sources you cited in your text \u2013 and only those. As it should allow readers to trace each source, the entries must be detailed enough to locate the exact work if needed.<\/p>\n<div class=\"zitat merksatz\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenblau-1456x1280.png\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"zitat_inner\"><cite class=\"text\">The bibliography must be complete and consistent.<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The format of the bibliography depends on the citation style used. Sources are usually listed alphabetically.<\/p>\n<div id=\"was-muss-ich-zitieren\" class=\"headline has-icon\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-small size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/bildschirmmitschaubildgruen.png\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>What do I have to cite?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"zitat merksatz\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/einausrufezeichenlila-1456x1280.png\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"zitat_inner\"><cite class=\"text\">In academic writing, you must mark every idea that is not your own. The only exception is general knowledge within your discipline.<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>That sounds easier than it is. Especially at the beginning of your studies, it can be difficult to recognize what counts as general knowledge. The good news: it gets easier over time. Until then, these <b>rules of thumb<\/b> may help:<\/p>\n<p><b>You don\u2019t necessarily need to cite:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Things your readers are expected to know.<\/li>\n<li>What common sense would suggest.<\/li>\n<li>Content found in general reference works.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>You must always cite:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If an idea or result can be traced back to a specific author or study.<\/li>\n<li>If the statement is controversial or debatable.<\/li>\n<li>Any wording you copy exactly.<\/li>\n<li>If you include data from other research.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"hufig-gestellte-fragen\" class=\"headline has-icon\">\n<div class=\"icon\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-small size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/wp-content\/uploads\/zweifragezeichenrot.png\" \/><\/div>\n<h2>Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq_wrapper\">\n<h3 class=\"faq question\">How do I cite correctly?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"faq answer\">To cite correctly, you must reference the source both at the exact point in your text and in your bibliography.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"faq question\">How do I cite within the text?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"faq answer\">There are different in-text citation styles. What matters is that you remain consistent throughout and follow the required style.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"faq question\">What exactly does it mean to cite?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"faq answer\">Citing means that you reproduce part of a text \u2013 either word for word or in your own words. In academic writing, this must be done in a way that makes the original source traceable.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"faq question\">What must I cite?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"faq answer\">Always cite when you use wording or ideas from other texts. You don\u2019t need to mark basic knowledge from your own discipline as a quotation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why cite at all? To prove facts: You state where your information comes from, ideally tracing it back to the original source. This not only respects copyright but also gives your readers the opportunity to examine methods and details for themselves. Example: 90 percent of Wikipedia authors are male (Bayer 2013). To build on existing \u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":5298,"menu_order":8,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"artikel_category":[1351],"artikel_post_tag":[1364,1356,1360,1344,1258,1348],"fakultaet":[1232,1332,1236,1240,1269,1272,1340,1242,1336,1231,1275,1234,1246],"arbeitsart":[1310,1251],"class_list":["post-8991","artikel","type-artikel","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","artikel_category-citing-layout","artikel_post_tag-bibliography-en","artikel_post_tag-citation-style-en","artikel_post_tag-footnote-en","artikel_post_tag-paraphrasing-en","artikel_post_tag-short-reference","artikel_post_tag-source-en","fakultaet-ac-en","fakultaet-amp-en","fakultaet-ar-en","fakultaet-bi-en","fakultaet-bw-en","fakultaet-d-en","fakultaet-efi-en","fakultaet-in-en","fakultaet-mb-vs-en","fakultaet-soh","fakultaet-sw","fakultaet-vt","fakultaet-wt","arbeitsart-hausarbeit-en","arbeitsart-masterarbeit-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Why Do I Have to Cite? - Online Writing Lab<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/en\/artikel\/why-do-i-have-to-cite\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why Do I Have to Cite? - Online Writing Lab\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Why cite at all? 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