{"id":9652,"date":"2026-05-11T10:27:06","date_gmt":"2026-05-11T08:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/?post_type=artikel&p=9652"},"modified":"2026-05-11T10:47:15","modified_gmt":"2026-05-11T08:47:15","slug":"citing-in-the-harvard-style","status":"publish","type":"artikel","link":"https:\/\/leko.service.th-nuernberg.de\/owl\/en\/artikel\/citing-in-the-harvard-style\/","title":{"rendered":"Citing in the Harvard Style"},"content":{"rendered":"
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What is the Harvard style?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n

The Harvard style is a so\u2011called author\u2013year citation style. This means that the source is named directly in the text \u2013 usually in round brackets \u2013 and not in a footnote. At the end of the paper, you include an alphabetically sorted reference list with all sources used.<\/p>\n

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The Harvard style is not a strictly standardised citation style. What matters is not one single \u201ccorrect\u201d form, but that you cite consistently and uniformly throughout your paper.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Short references in the text<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n

In the Harvard style, you refer to your source directly in the text. A short reference consists of the author\u2019s last name, the year of publication and \u2013 if needed \u2013 the page number.<\/p>\n

(M\u00fcller 2021, p. 45)<\/p>\n

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Indirect quotes<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n

In indirect quotes, you express ideas from a source in your own words. This form of citation is the norm in academic studies. A page number is recommended, especially when you refer to a specific passage.<\/p>\n

Informal desire paths mainly emerge where the planned routing does not match the users\u2019 actual movement patterns (cf. M\u00fcller 2021, p. 45).<\/p>\n

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Direct quotes<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n

You reproduce direct quotes verbatim from the source. They appear in quotation marks and must always be proved with a page number.<\/p>\n

\u201cDesire paths follow a collective optimisation logic.\u201d (M\u00fcller 2021, p. 45)<\/p>\n

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Use direct quotes sparingly. In academic writing, indirect quotes are expected in most cases.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Multiple authors and special cases<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n